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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 01261312 EISSN : 23563931 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101

Core Subject : Science,

Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience

Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)

Articles 27 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 52, No 3 (2020)" : 27 Documents clear

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), COVID-19 and cardiac injury: what cardiologist should know Sidhi Laksono; Budhi Setianto; Steven Philip Surya
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already stated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Until now, Indonesia has also infected with this severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. All medical staffs join hand by hand to overcome this pandemic, not only pulmonologist but also cardiologist. Early reports from China showed that cardiovascular comorbidities add more mortality than without comorbid. Cardiac implication of this infection is cardiac injury. Viral pathology and pathophysiology that induced cardiac injury is still debatable and not well understood. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a key regulator of renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular disease. ACE2 has been postulated as one of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and cardiac injury.

Role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) on mind body interventions (MBIs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Achadiono, Deddy Nur Wachid; Kertia, Nyoman; Asdie, Achmad Husain; Riyanto, Bambang Udji Djoko
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Mind body interventions (MBIs) are exercise that emphasizes the use of brain and body to assist the healing process and to manage symptoms in order to improve wellbeing. The MBIs are expected to be a supporting therapy for patients with autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), to improve patients’ activities, reduce fatigue, stress, and depression.One type of MBIs that could be potentially applied in Indonesia is latihan pasrah diri (LPD). Studies showed that MBIs can affect the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) is a transcription factor that controls gene expression related to many physiological responses including inflammation, proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. NF-κB can be activated through canonical and alternative pathway. This literature review aimed to identify the role of NF-κB as consequence of practicing MBIs in SLE patients. We searched for relevant publications in the MEDLINE/Pub Med and Google Scholar with no date restriction. This review revealed that abnormal NF-κB could mediate autoimmune condition in SLE pathogenesis. MBIs are expected to be a supportive treatment that can help to control NF-κB expression in SLE patients. LPD as an Indonesian original MBI is expected as a suitable techniques that can be applied in patients with SLE in Indonesia. Further studies on the effect of LPD on NF-κB expression in patients with SLE need to be further explored.

Role of methylprednisolone on mRNA expression of BAX, BCL-2 genein testicular torsion-detorsion of male albino Wistar rats Muhammad Puteh Mauny; Raden Danarto; Didik Setyo Heriyanto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Study Background : Testicular torsion is a genitourinary emergency most common in children and emergencies requiring second surgery in adolescents after acute appendicitis1. Testicular torsion is more common on the left with a 1.2: 1 ratio, which is probably caused by a slightly longer spermatic cord on the left2. Testicular torsion can occur at any age, but the peak incidence is at age 14, with a peak of second occurrence at 1 year of age3. At 1 year of age, testicular torsion is a major cause of acute scrotum (83%). At the age of 3 - 13 years, the most frequent diagnosis is the torsion of the testicular appendix. After the age of 17 years, epididymitis is the most frequent diagnosis (75%)4. Method: This study is an experimental study, post-test only control group design, the sample was randomly divided into 4 groups, 2 intervention groups and 2 control groups. In this study the independent variables are the duration of the right torsion-detection treatment of the testes and the injection of Methylprednisolone in Wistar male rats. The dependent variables are mRNA expression in apoptosis and anti-apoptosis genes in rats’ ipsilateral and contralateral testes. . Results and Discussion: In this study, two-way ANOVA is used to analyze data between groups. Significant decrease in BAX gene mRNA expression (p

Animal model for sporadic dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT) using streptozotocin and lipopolysaccharide combinations in rats Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo; Mohammad Rizky Mochtar Hidayat; Abdul Basith Azzam; mulyati mulyati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Sporadic dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT) pathogenesis has not been revealed completely due to the difficulty in creating an appropriate animal model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single-dose intraperitoneal (IP) induction of streptozotocin (STZ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the β-amyloid levels and the brain function of experimental rats. Eighteen rats were divided into three groups i.e. control, TRE1 (STZ 60 mg.kg-1 BW + LPS 3 mg.kg-1 BW), and TRE2 (STZ 30 mg.kg-1 BW + LPS 1.5 mg.kg-1 BW). The substances were administered in a single dose. Behavioral tests were started at day-30 after injection, we performed Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. Afterward, we measured whole brain and serum β-amyloid levels, as one of the biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), using the ELISA method. In MWM tests, the escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant of treatment groups were significantly higher than those in control at the day-5 MWM test and probe trial. The rats in treatment groups have negative discrimination indexes in NOR tasks, indicating that the rats could not remember the familiar object. Intraperitoneal STZ and LPS significantly increase soluble brain β-amyloid levels of treatment groups than those in the control group. In conclusion, the treatment of STZ (60 mg.kg-1 BW) and LPS (3 mg.kg-1 BW) indicated spatial and recognition memory impairment, along with an increase of brain soluble β-amyloid level in rats.

Association between hearing loss and hypertension in non ear infection patients in Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital Anton Sony Wibowo; Herfis Avidati; Sulis Ernawati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Hearing loss is a common occurrence that can decrease productivity and quality of life. The incidence of hearing loss is often experienced by adults due to several factors, and one influencing factor is cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is known to have an effect on decreasing inner ear vascularization that will result in hearing loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of hearing loss and hypertension in non-ear infection patients. This case-control study recruited subjects who underwent audiometric examination at the Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, from June 2018 - July 2019. Hypertension was determined based on the results of blood pressure examination based on JNC 8 criteria. Hearing threshold value was taken from pure tone audiometry. The association of hypertension with hearing loss was analysed in each group and between study groups. Sixty patients who underwent audiometric examination divided into two groups with 30 patients in each group were involved in this study. There was a significant relationship between hypertension and hearing loss (OR=13.1; 95%CI: 3.8-45.0; p= 0.001). Hypertension acts as a variable that significantly affects the incidence of hearing loss. Patients with hypertension have a greater risk of hearing loss compared to patients without hypertension.

Human security, social stigma, and global health: the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia Hastoro Dwinantoaji; Sumarni DW
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global public health threat with many medical, ethical, economic, and socialimpacts. COVID-19 has spread worldwide, to many Asian and Middle Eastern countries, the United Statesof America, and European countries. The current COVID-19 pandemic that has devastated Indonesia, has infected and killed more healthcare workers, in particular doctors and nurses, than any other outbreak in the history of this virus. People have basic needs that must be met for them to feel safe and secure. A history of the outbreak of the COVID-19 is brifley showed, before exploring the impact the virus had in Indonesia. During this exploration, some of the key issues arising from the experiences in Indonesia, in addressing the threat of COVID-19 will be reviewed. Drawing on the COVID-19 as the case study, we consider the ways in which the concept of human security expands understanding of its relationship to health. Further, weshow how major public health issues can evolve into security threats.The final section of the article will be an analysis of the lessons learned from COVID-19 and policy implications in addressing health and human security threats.

Ischemic stroke in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) positive patient: a case report Rosa De Lima Renita Sanyasi; Esdras Ardi Pramudita
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

A new coronavirus disease called COVID-19 was declared by World Health Organization (WHO). The COVID-19 may complicated into many other conditions, including neurologic. One among this neurologic complication is stroke. This paper aimed to report a case of ischemic stroke in COVID-19 positive patient in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A male patient, 42 years old, came to emergency department with weakness in his right arm for two days as his main complain. He also had face drop on the right side, cough, and shortness of breath. He had a history of hyperthyroid and type II diabetes mellitus. The brain CT Scan showed a lacunar infarct in the left lentiform nucleus. Patient had nasopharynx and oropharynx swab to be checked for the presence of COVID-19 and the result was positive.The pathophysiology of stroke in COVID-19 include the hyperactivation of inflammatory factors that causes a fatal inflammatory storm. It also cause a damage of coagulation system which causing the D-dimer and platelet abnormalities, hypercoagulability from critical illness and cardioembolism from virus-related cardiac injury. Moreover, COVID-19 may cause a direct role in viral infection in central nervous system. In conclusion, ischemic stroke can be present along with COVID-19.

Controversy of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzymeinhibitors (ACEIs) prescription for hypertension patients in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Yuliana Yuliana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made all the world in a mess. Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 infects human cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE receptors). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE) is upregulated in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Hypertension patients commonly consume angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and/or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) which could increase ACE receptors. It was suspected that the ARBs or ACEIs administration may worsen the clinical outcome for the hypertension patients with COVID-19. However, no clinical trial had significantly revealed how appropriate management and prescription of ARBs and ACEIs for the hypertension patients with COVID-19. The use of ARBs and ACEIs for these patients is still controversy. Studies concerning the side effect of single or combination use of ARBs and ACEIs in the hypertension patients with COVID-19 as well as specific morbidity and mortality are needed. This review was aimed to provide understanding concerning the appropriate management and prescription of ARBs and ACEIs for hypertension patients with COVID-19.

Current understanding of the origin, molecular biology and continuing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Mohamad Saifudin Hakim; Luthvia Annisa; Endah Supriyati; Edwin W. Daniwijaya; Rakhmat A. Wibowo; Eggi Arguni; Titik Nuryastuti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses, officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have put health authorities worldwide on a high alert. Firstly emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly escalating into a global pandemic. It is first thought as the result of a zoonotic transmission event, similar to the previous epidemic of coronaviruses. However, a continuously increasing number of confirmed cases indicates that the virus gains capacity of efficient human-to-human transmission. Soon after the pandemic is arising, many efforts are focused on identifying the origin of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human population. Current evidence suggests that the virus is probably derived from bat or pangolin coronaviruses as the natural host. Whether intermediate host(s) exist in the transmission cascade from bat or pangolin to humans is, to a great extent, elusive. This information is essential as the basis for infection prevention and control measures. In this review, we discuss our recent understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology, highlighting its origin and molecular evolution.

Pulmonary artery hypertension patients and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19): are they protected from severe disease? Anggoro Budi Hartopo; Dyah Wulan Anggrahini; Bambang Budi Siswanto; Lucia Kris Dinarti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a current pandemic of viral infection which mainly involves respiratory system and may progress into severe multiple organ dysfunction and mortality. Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a disease marked by increased mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance due to pulmonary panvascular remodeling. Although rare, the prevalence of PAH is currently escalating in Indonesia due to increased diagnostic capacity and referral, treatment availability and improved survival. Despite chronic cardiac and pulmonary diseases are at increased risk to develop severe COVID-19, patients with PAH are considered to be not in higher risk to develop severe COVID-19. However, whether this population is protected from severe COVID-19 is unclear. There are protective and offensive factors need to be considered in PAH patients in respect to COVID-19.

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Nurhadiyahya

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nurhadiyahya@ugm.ac.id

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